The Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 is a condition characterised by insulin resistance and, over time, high blood glucose levels. In other words, chronic hyperglycaemia causes damage to blood vessels, both large and small, which can lead to complications such as heart disease or cerebrovascular disease. These complications include atherosclerosis, which is the thickening and hardening of the arteries, increasing the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke, among others. In addition, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play a crucial role in this process.

Blood sugar levels do not only negatively affect metabolism. Above all, they play a crucial role in disease progression. These glucose spikes activate inflammatory pathways and increase oxidative stress, which increases the damage of chronic diseases. Controlling glucose fluctuations is essential to reduce complications in diabetic patients.

Epigenetic modifications such as changes in diet, exercise and stress may be key to preventing complications.
For example:
Diet: Eating foods high in fiber, low in refined sugars, and healthy fats not only stabilizes glucose levels, but can modify the expression of genes related to inflammation and lipid metabolism, reducing the risk of complications such as heart disease.
Regular physical exercise: Helps improve insulin sensitivity and promotes the activation of genes that protect the heart and blood vessels.
Stress management: Chronic stress can activate genes that increase inflammation, but techniques such as meditation can reverse these effects, contributing to better glycemic control and reduced risk of complications.